Foundations of Political Thought Essay examples -- Philosophy, Aristot

Aristotle and Socrates and Plato’s beliefs have similarities mainly evident in their denouncement of democracy for the state. The views of Socrates expressed and written by his pupil Plato are vastly philosophical in nature and he promotes the idea of questioning life to achieve insight. The philosophers who possess the absolute truth are the best equipped to rule society according to Plato and his Allegory of the Cave. Conversely, Aristotle takes a more political science approach of discussing and analyzing various constitutions to determine the best form of government, where the rational beings in a society are the natural rulers. Aristotle promotes the idea of rule based on law rather than simple superiority. The differences in these beliefs are important because of the implications of Aristotle’s writings, which provide a way for citizens and statesmen to utilize philosophy in politics and the state. Consequently, information in Politics is seen again througho ut modern politics. The similarities of Aristotle’s beliefs expressed through his writings in Politics to the beliefs of Plato and Socrates expressed in the recorded dialogues of The Republic are centered mainly on a fear of democracy. Aristotle asserts that only those who are concerned with virtue and good government should be the leaders in a society or community (Politics, 80). In Book III of Politics Aristotle describes what the role of the majority should be in politics, By means of these considerations, too, one might solve the problem mentioned earlier and also the related one of what the free should have authority over, that is to say, the multitude of the citizens who are not rich and have no claim whatsoever arising from virtue. For it would not be... ...archy and democracy into polity. Through this idea of addressing factions and political interdependence Aristotle outlines the way to a lasting state. In Federalist 10, Madison describes in a similar way that competing factions imposing a system of checks and balances can protect against dominance of a single faction or class. Aristotle’s claims of law, constitution, polity, factions, and citizenship all have comparability to many U.S. notions of political life, even his justification of slavery is reminiscent of the views of some founding fathers. Aristotle discovered and outlined many elements of early American political thought long before the existence of the United States. Aristotle himself said, â€Å"For practically speaking, all things have been discovered, although some have not been collected, and others are known about but not used† (Politics, 34).

Papago Woman

Papago Woman, written by Ruth M. Underhill, is an ethnography of the life of a native american woman named Maria Chona, a member of the Southern Arizona Papago people located right outside of Tucson, Arizona on a reservation. Ruth lived among the Papago from 1931 till 1933. She studied the life of the Papago with her main subject an older Papago woman named Chona. She says at one point how she learned amongst these people and Chona, â€Å"I feel, nevertheless, that out of all this flurry there came the story as it had appeared in Chona's mind,† (27). By hearing the life of this Papago woman she learned about life as a Papago.To collect data about the Papago way of life and Chona, Ruth Underhill asked many questions. She was very forward with her questions at first because she had not yet known the Papago way of life, such as asking the name of Chona's dead son and not knowing that the name of the dead are not said out loud. Underhill integrated her life into that of the tribe. In the 3 years she stayed there she learned much through this method. She studied the language and Papago method of breathing by listening to the way they say their words and learned how they pronounce r's as l's and f's as p's.She also used translators along the way. Part one of the Papago woman describes Ruth Underhill's first encounter with the Papago people. Ruth goes to Tuscon, Arizona on a grant from Colombia University, the college she was attending, to live amongst this native american tribe in the southwest. Underhill drives to Arizona and meets a few friends living in Tuscon who tell her about the tribes people . They tell her how a few Papago come to their homes looking for work. They describe them as soft-spoken, brown people. Underhill inquired about any of the english speaking Papago she could meet.She is then introduced to a yardman, Rafeal, or Lapai in the language of his people. Lapai in turn takes her to meet a woman named Chona who lives on a reservation in an un furnished dwelling, similar to that of a cellar. Ruth listens with intent as Chona talks. Lapai translates the conversation for her. Throughout her stories, Ruth notices that Chona talks about how it used to be when she was a child. Ruth asks Chona about her family. She learns that Chona had two sons and a daughter but one son who was a medicine man died, the other is in Mexico, and the daughter got married and moved away.Ruth asks the name of Chona's dead soon and is met with an uncomfortable silence. Lapai tells Ruth that Chona had a sister who married a man named Lillat, whom she calls â€Å"husband-of-my-sister,† but died and Lillat was remarried with children (Underhill 5). They decided to go on a trip to visit Lillat and his family who lived far out on the reservation away from government headquarters. Soon they set out but not before the rest of the people living around Chona tried to all hitch a ride with Ruth to see Lillat. On the way, Ruth learned much about the lan d as the Papago know it.She learns about eating cholla during the dry season, or â€Å"hungry time,† (Underhill 8). Chona points to a white rock and tells Ruth about the kidnapping of the Papago woman by the Apache during the fall when the corn was ripe. Chona also mentions Coyote and I'itoi who are very important people in Papago stories of history. â€Å"Coyote,† she said, â€Å"helped put the world in order. Only he made mistakes,† (Underhill 9). She would not talk further about Coyote because, â€Å"These things about the Beginning are holy. They should not be told in the hot time when the snakes are out. The snakes guard our secrets.If we tell what is forbidden, they bite,† (Underhill 9). A few hours later they arrived at Lilliat's adobe home. In true Papago fashion, they waited to be welcomed. They all stood across from each other smiling. Lapai and Ruth were never introduced but instead were greeted with kind smiles of gratitude. She learned that t he Papago do not believe in sayings superficial things such as thank you but instead being welcomed through hospitality. With news of the guest arrival, the whole village came to eat at Lilliat's house. Before dinner began, the ways of child-rearing were viewed.The youngest son of Lilliat was told to â€Å"Shut the door,† and was not praised but instead allowed to sit on the men's side of the table. As dinner went on Ruth observed more and more of the Papago customs. Strangers were studied very carefully to see their true selves. Bedtime was early and the bed was on the ground. Early rising is custom of Papago because, â€Å"Papagos had learned how to deal with the sun and did not hate or fear it. Those who slept past the dawn light were set down as hopeless drones,† (Underhill 14). The day begin when men went to fill the water tanks.The water was shared and not thrown out with the guest being the first to use it. Women set to work with the meals for the day and basket -making. Later that day, a girl named Vela who could speak a little bit of english visited. She promised to help Ruth with translations. Ruth realized that her persistent questioning had been seen as ignorant and embarrassing to Chona. The women told Ruth about their job to bring the clouds to make rain. She soon discovered they would be taking a trip to gather cactus fruit to prepare wine for the rain festival.They rode to the sahuaro cactus to gather the pear-ish fruit. Ruth again learned about Coyote and I'itoi. â€Å"When I'itoi was furnishing the earth, he thought he would put sahuaro all over. Then everyone could have fruit without too much walking. But Coyote, he doesn't like work,† (Underhill 19). Coyote had not fully planted the seeds given to him by I'itoi to distribute the cacti and instead dropped them on the south hill. Then the cactus only grew on the south hill and not the north. The women gathered the cactus fruit and boiled it for the wine. Then it soon began to rain.Next, the people ventured to Lillat's parent village, Burnt Seeds, to gather for the rain festival. On their third night there the men dressed up for the dancing that would take place that night. They all gathered around a fire and danced and chanted in circles. The women picked the men they wanted and held hands to join in the dancing. They sang the same song continuously, â€Å"On the edge of the mountain, A cloud hangs. And there my heart, my heart, my heart, Hangs with it,† (Underhill 24). The next night when the wine had fermented the village gathered again to drink.This night was when they would drink until the wine was all gone which led to everyone getting drunk. The medicine man prophesied the rains would come after four days. A week from the night, the rains came and raged for a week. Once that ended the villagers once again gathered to sing and do work such a basket weaving. This chapter helps the ethnography by giving an example of Ruth's immersion into t he tribe by experiencing their traditions. In part two, Underhill begins by telling a little background on the Papago people and Chona. The origins of the Papago people are mentioned.They are closely related to the Pima people who live in lush lands near the border of Mexico. It is this reason that the Papago know them as the â€Å"River People† whilst the the Papago call themselves the â€Å"Desert People,† (Underhill 31). The Pima and the Papago were once one group split by the migration of the spanish missionaries. Since the desert had not attracted the church, the Pima, living in greater lands â€Å"adopted American names and American clothing, and by 1871 had an American school,† while the Papago people cherished their ancient way of life (Underhill 32).Ruth witnessed and documented the life of the Papago whilst studying the life of a 90 year old woman named Maria Chona, â€Å"She was the daughter of a prominent leader, Jose Maria, nicknamed Con Quien. â⠂¬  (Underhill 32). She loved her father and therefore â€Å"accepted her culture completely,† (Underhill 33). Ruth was able to write the biography with little fluency in the Papago language and with Chona knowing a small bit of Spanish. What Ruth noticed about the stories of the Papago was there repetitive nature. Small details that are not important to non-Papago natives are confusing.Things such as emotion were summed up in ways such as â€Å"I liked it,† or â€Å"I did not like it,† (Underhill 33). Chona wanted Ruth to write everything exactly as she told it but due to the emphasis on details and repetition, the non-native readers of the story would not be satisfied. Chona, we learn, â€Å"As a woman, she could not take part the ceremonial life,† but, â€Å"Chona accepted her status without stress or rancor,† (Underhill 34). She possessed an interesting background, one where she had two husbands. Her first husband was a shaman. Chona also had a co-wife, since polygamy was a norm amongst her people, whom she resented.She describes her home growing up. She lived at Mesquite Root in a grass house. Her father was the chief there. As a child the girls did not wear tops. Water was scarce and what was there was red in color, â€Å"Oh yes, our water was always red. It made the corn gruel red. I liked that earth taste in my food,† (Underhill 36). The men of the village would go to hunt without water because it was considered womanly to bring water along. Chona's mother would ground seeds to make flour while her father would listen to people problems. Her father also liked to gamble, gaining himself the nickname The Gambler.The men would smoke tobacco often during gambling. When it was time to eat, the dishes were not washed, â€Å"When we had finished we did not wash the dishes. How could we, with no water,† (Underhill 38). Due to water scarcity they were not able to bathe either. When the children would play the bo ys would catch rats and roast them for all to eat. They would also go to the racetrack to run. When they were hungry they would gather food planted by Elder Brother, â€Å"Elder Brother planted those things for us,† (Underhill 39). When it was time for rainy season, Chona would experience the same ritual that Ruth would years later picking the cactus fruit.During the time of menstruation, Chona's mother would enter into the Little House so as not to bring bad luck and death to her father during war. For the men if they were â€Å"Killers† then they would have to be purified (Underhill 41). This meant they were separated from their family for days. Everyone in the family would be cleansed and gain power from the dead enemy. In her family, Chona's grandfather had been a medicine man. Due to this association and her brother behavior it was known that he would be a medicine man. Chona's family was always sick.The medicine man would come to their house constantly to heal th em. He sang songs to cure what ailed them. Singing seemed to be a big part of Chona's life. It was natural to her family and soothing to her. People would dream of owls and then sing in front everyone so that the owls would go away, â€Å"People had to be sent for who had dreamed of owls, because that is how all songs come, by dreaming,† (Underhill 48). At one time an evil medicine man sent a a sickness that covered the whole village. So medicine men begin to walk into each hut waving branches to gather the sickness.Chona did not get as sick as everyone else did. She did begin to have visions. She saw things that no one else did but it was natural to her because of her family background. During summers the corn was planted. It was said that, â€Å"The corn was once a man and he lured a woman away to sleep with him,† (Underhill 52) They would sing about that encounter and plant the corn so that it would grow strong. Summers also made the people happy because it was when the rain would come. Ruth also gathered that from what she heard form Chona was that their was a story for every occurrence.So just like the corn, there was a story for the rain. The story was turned into singing that would help bring the rain along with the cactus festival. Like her father, Chona was hardworking, passionate, and a gambler. She was so good at gambling that she even beat a grown woman. As she got older she went through menses, â€Å"Girls are very dangerous at that time,† (Underhill 57). When girls go through menses they would bring lightning into the village and go to the Little House behind their families homes to prevent these occurrences that happen during menstruation.When her dangerous time came to an end after a month , she was bathed to prevent death to her family and her hair was washed with soapweed fibers, â€Å"That is the way women should always wash their hair and it will never grow gray,† (Underhill 59). During this period the girl would also grow very thin, â€Å"We girls are like strips of yucca fiber after our coming of age is over,† (Underhill 61). At cleansing she was named Cha-veela as is customary during this time. When it was time to marry, Chona did not know her husband. He was a medicine man's son.Her breast had grown large so it was her time marry. Her father told the boy's parents about the marriage and they agreed to it. The boy was told last about the marriage. Her father gave her advice on how to be a good wife, â€Å"That husband of yours, listen to him,† (Underhill 62). For the marriage they had to lie together in her hut with her mother beside her for four nights. This is how Papago are married and she moves in with him after. Her husband has three brothers but one is a man-woman, â€Å"The third brother was called Shining Evening and he was a man-woman,† (Underhill 64).After a while she became dangerous again and goes through menstruation. When she is integrated into the fami ly, the mother tattoos her chin with four black marks. At one point Chona goes with her husband to se a race against the River People. Her people won and received many items from the betting. Chona has her first child and becomes very superstitious as not to harm the child, â€Å"I was kind to the people in our village who looked sick or ugly, and I never laughed at them, so that my baby should have a good body,† (Underhill 66).Soon after, two of her husband's brothers marry. The wives always stayed with Shining Evening when the men were out, â€Å"We girls used to spend all day with that man-woman, Shining Evening,† (Underhill 67). Chona had six children with her husband, five of which were boys and one a girl. The boys all died. She would leave her babies at home sometimes to go help the Mexicans with their harvest. They were always on the lookout for Apaches, the enemy, and were almost killed. They vowed never to go to the Mexicans alone again. Her husband started h aving visions.He was a Coyote-Meeter, â€Å"When he had his medicine man's dreams, it was our comrade, Coyote, who came to him and sang him songs,† (Underhill 71). soon after her husband became a medicine man. After this occurrence her father died and the medicine men could not save him. They buried him with his blanket, pillows, and a few valuables. White men soon came and brought with them whisky. The men of the village would drink this and have visions like a medicine man would, â€Å"Men grew crazy when they drank that whiskey and they had visions,† (Underhill 74).For some time Chona would leave to visit other villages. One time when she was returning, she heard news that her husbands had married again. Chona was heartbroken and left him. She took her child and went to her brother. Her uncle who resided there married her to an old rich man despite her disagreement because women had no say in matters such as these. Her new husband brought her many things. She learne d that her first husband had grown sick and died upon hearing the news. He did not want his second wife and cried when he heard of Chona's marriage, â€Å"I never saw my first husband again.They told me when he heard of my new marriage he cried,† (Underhill 78). Soon after his death Chona caught falling hair sickness, a disease from the white people. A medicine man cured her and taught her how to cure. Chona has two sons from her second husband. One, a medicine man, died young because a wild woman was with him, â€Å"She lay with my son in the house when she should have been at the Little House,† (Underhill 85). Ruth learns that seven years prior to her arrival, Chona's second husband had died. After she was alone in her home she would go to visit her daughters home at Burnt Seeds village.This chapter helps the ethnography by having Ruth hear exactly what she came there to learn. It tells the life of an actual Papago women. Part three briefly talks about child-rearing amongst the Papago. Children are always surrounded, â€Å"The Papago child was born not into a single family but into a group,† (Underhill 89). The child is taught to be apart of the group and never seen as an annoyance. They learn action through observation. One of the most important was not to speak the name of the dead, â€Å"Because if the dead hear they may think you are calling them.And they will come and take you because they are so lonely,† (Underhill 90). Ruth also learns that a woman's place is not with the men. She had realized how separated things were between the sexes. The woman told her they do not fret because, â€Å"Why should we envy men? We made the men,† (Underhill 92). Another thing she noticed was the lack of love stories among the Papago. The woman told her that there were love songs and stories but not many. Woman would also become enamored with the men bringing back scalps and chase after them, â€Å"Some women went crazy and ran after men-but it was the ‘scalps,'† (93).The Papago in the present are also talked about. Ruth says, â€Å"By the time of my visit, the Bureau of Indian Affairs had moved in,† (94) and they were soon introduced to more modern ways. Men joined the army learning english and schools were built. The Papago today vote and have dictionaries in their own language. This chapter helps the ethnography by giving a short insight on the child-rearing, love amongst the Papago, and present day Papago. The most important issues of the ethnographer seemed to be retelling the story in a way that readers could understand.Ruth mentions this in the beginning of chapter two about the way the story was told in traditional indian style which is confusing to outsiders. The most important aspect of interpreting things like this seems to be that the observer must live amongst the people to fully understand their ways and interpret them for others. This is the same for the film â€Å" A Man Calle d Bee† and the Yanomamo text. The perspective of the ethnographer is that the Papago people are so different from the outside world; soft-spoken and tribal in their ways.This colored her analysis through her main focus on an older resident of the tribe who had grown up the Papago way. The ethnographers methods are convincing because she relays a story just like it was told to her and includes her experience amongst the people making the report all the more convincing. Ruth does not necessarily generalize her findings because she tells of the present Papago, interviews, and has older tribe member giving a story on that side of life, and includes the writer's own experience at the rain festival.This ethnography helped me to see how an older people lived. The Papago are ancient in their ways and I see that when I compare their way of life to my own. Ruth reinforced my assumptions about human behavior mostly when she described the ways men and women were separated and seen in diff erent lights, much like today. Works Cited Underhill, R. M. U. (1979). Papago Woman. (Reprint ed. , Vol. 1, p. 98). Prospect Heights, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc.

Willy Loman the Tragic Hero Essay - 1462 Words

Arthur Miller made the comment that a tragic hero â€Å"has the inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what he conceives to be a challenge to his dignity.† Nowhere is this more evident than in Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, where salesman Willy Loman desperately struggles to regain a sense of dignity after experiencing a number of setbacks in his life. Despite not being able to provide for his family, Willy Loman continues the futile struggle to earn a living, which shows the despair of falling from a position of respect to a position of uselessness. The hopes and dreams that he has for his kids in the past never come into existence, but Willy still enthusiastically pushes his adult children to accomplish unrealistic†¦show more content†¦Through this, Miller demonstrates that self-deception can lead to even more problems. In accordance with Arthur Miller’s definition of a tragic hero, Willy is unwilling to remain passive when his di gnity is challenged. When his neighbor Charley offers Willy a steady paying job, Willy refuses. By taking the job from Charley, Willy feels as though it would hurt his pride. Willy’s inability to see past his pride blinds him to the basic rationality of taking a steady paying job. Miller shows that one must differentiate between an appropriate time to protect one’s honor, and an appropriate time to be pragmatic in order to make ends meet. Willy’s unwillingness to remain passive is seen when he pleads with his boss to allow him to work closer to home. He says, â€Å"Forty dollars a week, that’s all I’d need... I put thirty four years into this firm, Howard, and now I can’t pay my insurance! You can’t eat an orange and then throw the peel away! A man is not a piece of fruit!† (82). Miller has Willy fired from the job altogether after this meeting in order to show that people that have become useless will often be rejected by soci ety. Willy’s expectations that he would continue to live a dignified life are thwarted, and Miller thrusts Willy even deeper into despair, proving that unfulfilled expectations can potentially ruin one’s life. Similar to Willy’s non-passive attitude toward his own job, he is extremely optimistic about the fate of his two sons, whichShow MoreRelatedWilly Loman Tragic Hero730 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1949, the forlorn life of Willy Loman is introduced in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman†. At this time the American Dream was something everyone craved during the peak of suburbia. The American Dream was the golden standard of living like Donna Reed, all wrapped up with a white picket fence. To Willy Loman, The American Dream was not the golden standard, but the only standard. His wife Linda dutifully greeting him as he came home from a successful day as a salesman, and sits down to dinnerRead MoreWilly Loman Tragic Hero Analysis956 Words   |à ‚  4 Pagesis revolved around the concept of tragedy and a tragic hero. Aristotle defines tragedy as â€Å"the consequence of a man’s total compulsion to evaluate himself justly†. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"a literary character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction†. These two concepts apply to the play in the sense that Willy Loman is a man of good intentions, but there is often an undesirable outcome of them. Also, Willy is a victim of himself and his own beliefs. ArthurRead MoreWilly Loman Tragic Hero Analysis971 Words   |  4 Pagesor affair; disaster†. The main character, Willy Loman, shows how one dream can become a disaster through his impractical dreams and failing at achieving these goals. Not only does he fail at his dreams, he participates in an affair that is against morals. The idea of a tragic hero is defined as â€Å"a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfa ll, suffering, or defeat†. Miller believes that the common man is the best tragic hero because it shows that the average, everydayRead MoreCharacteristics Of Willy Loman A Tragic Hero834 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman a Tragic Hero? Death Of a Salesman is a 1949 play written by american playwright Arthur Miller. It is a breathtaking play about Willy Loman, a salesman, trying to chase a dream that died long ago. It expresses how the old man’s life comes crumbling down with his last few attempts to make some of his dream reality and help his family in debt. Now people are debating weather Willy loman fits the right characteristics to be classified as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is someone who makesRead MoreHow Is Willy Loman A Tragic Hero727 Words   |  3 Pages The tragic hero referenced throughout the essay Tragedy and a Common Man is Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman. What Arthur Miller means by tragic hero is a protagonist in a play or a different form of filmography who is a subject for tragedy in its highest sense. The essay refers to a character who is ready to lay down his life to secure his personal dignity. The next reference to this character is society the struggle to gain a rightful posi tion. The last proof of this is how Miller talks aboutRead MoreWilly Loman - A Tragic Hero Essay744 Words   |  3 Pageswhen he or she cannot live the â€Å"American Dream.† Willy Loman, the main character in the play is a confused and tragic character. He is a man who is struggling to hold onto what morality he has left in a changing society that no longer values the ideals he grew up to believe in. Even though the society he lives in can be blamed for much of his misfortune, he must also be the blame for his bad judgment, disloyalty and his foolish pride. Willy Loman believes in the â€Å"American Dream,† which is the beliefRead MoreIs Willy Loman a Tragic Hero in Death of Salesman1305 Words   |  6 PagesWilly Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to purse the idea that reputation in society has more relevancies in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and lead toRead MoreEssay on Can Willy Loman Be Considered A Tragic Hero?1632 Words   |  7 PagesCan Willy Loman Be Considered A Tragic Hero? Whether Willy Loman can be considered a tragic hero has long been debated between critics. Ever since Miller produced the play, people have discussed whether Willy’s status was high enough for his fall to be considered tragic, or whether Willy can be seen as an altogether modern tragic hero, I will be looking at both these views taking into consideration critics views and also adding my own thoughts. Tragedy has its origin in ancient GreeceRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesWilly Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman       Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classicRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman, Tragic Hero. Willy Loman.1503 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent can Willy Loman be considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s rules? Arthur Miller presents his play ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the ancient form of a tragedy. Aristotle has defined his idea of the ‘perfect’ tragedy in his text, ‘Poetics’ (350 BC).Here he suggests that the protagonist must fall from an elevated social standing as a result of a â€Å"fatal flaw† within the character; the fall from the main character creates resolution to the play which is seen as just; finally, Aristotle

American Outcasts The Okie Exodus - 714 Words

American Outcasts: The Okie Exodus On the notorious â€Å"Black Tuesday,† October 29, 1929, Wall Street suffered a massive financial collapse due to heavy trading prices on the New York Stock Exchange. President Hoover claimed the U.S. business was â€Å"on a sound and prosperous basis,† but he couldn’t have been any further from the truth. The collapse of the U.S. economy, which was the largest in the world, created a global financial shockwave that could be felt across the globe. By 1931, the effects of Depression affected not only the U.S., but the world. â€Å"By 1933, 30 million people in industrial nations were unemployed, five times the number of unemployed four years before† (Starr 54). During the Great Depression, unemployment rates†¦show more content†¦The series of articles from John Steinbeck’s Harvest Gypsies finds that those who lived in These people were tenant farmers or sharecroppers, who lost their homes and were migrant workers, and lived in extended famil ies. A combination of rural and urban people with no government relief. Many people in the United States were tenant farmers or sharecroppers before the Great Depression. During the Great Depression, many of these tenant farmers or sharecroppers were forced off the land, because either their labor could not be afforded, or the land wasn’t arable as was the place in the Plains region. Originally, the government under Herbert Hoover didn’t believe it was the government’s responsibility to re-stimulate the economy. Once elected, Roosevelt would reverse Hoover’s hand-off, laissez-faire approach to the tankered economy by taking a more hands-on, socialistic approach; raising interest rates on loans, tax rates, and reducing the acreage allotted to farms- the beginning of his New Deal policies(Kennedy 168). â€Å"Farm income had declined sixty percent between 1929 and 1932. A third of all American farmers lost their land†(Brinkley 655). Many tenant farmers and sharecroppers their wages couldn’t be paid or the bank repossessed the land. The Joad’s from The Grapes of Wrath represents the tenant farmers who lost their land. Many sharecroppers from the South and midwestern plains ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Grapes Of Wrath 1193 Words   |  5 Pagesdie, and their kids ain’t no good and they die out. But we keep a comin’, we’re the people that live. They can’t wipe us out; they can’t lick us. We’ll go on forever Pa, ‘cause we’re the people.† This statement captures the resilience of the American working class since the birth of the country. Ma s speech can be read as a proclamation of necessary fictions to bolster the morale of the family. She is the uncomplaining maintainer of status quo in the home, the ultimate mother figure who not

Kill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee - 1958 Words

To Kill a Mockingbird, a Pulitzer Prize winning novel has taught many people about the reality of life in the mid 1900’s and is a book that captures the attention of the reader as soon as they first pick it up. This amazing book written by Harper Lee is set in a small town called Maycomb, which is located in Alabama. It is set in the 1930’s a time between the rush of the roaring twenties and the distress of World War II in the 1940’s. This was a time when the economy was low and money was scarce for both races, Whites and African Americans. The cruelty of racism still loomed over communities and this had a huge impact on the children of this decade. To Kill a Mockingbird exhibits the harsh cruelty of racism and stereotyping throughout a community through tangent events and show the impact it has on children’s innocence through the perspective of Scout and Jem Finch. These two children of a respected lawyer are forced to face the cruelty of violence and rac ism while their father fights for the justice of an African American who has been charged with the rape of a white girl. The Great Depression in the 1930’s is accurately portrayed in Harper Lee’s novel through the representation of families seeking financial aid due to scarcity of money, the methods of payments that many families had to use and also the hostility and prejudice attitudes that were between the citizens of many families in Maycomb during this time. Many people are shown struggling in this novel due to thisShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1049 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird: How a Story could be based on True Events in Everyday LifeDaisy GaskinsCoastal Pines Technical Collegeâ€Æ'Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama. Her father was a former newspaper editor and proprietor, who had served as a state senator and practiced as a lawyer in Monroeville. Also Finch was known as the maiden name of Lee’s mother. With that being said Harper Lee became a writer like her father, but she became a American writer, famous for her race relations novel â€Å"ToRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1000 Words   |  4 Pagesworld-wide recognition to the many faces of prejudice is an accomplishment of its own. Author Harper Lee has had the honor to accomplish just that through her novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, a moving and inspirational story about a young girl learning the difference between the good and the bad of the world. In the small town of Monroeville, Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee was born on April 28, 1926. Growing up, Harper Lee had three siblings: two sisters and an older brother. She and her siblings grew up modestlyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee873 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee illustrates that â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† throughout the novel by writing innocent characters that have been harmed by evil. Tom Robinson ’s persecution is a symbol for the death of a mockingbird. The hunters shooting the bird would in this case be the Maycomb County folk. Lee sets the time in the story in the early 1950s, when the Great Depression was going on and there was poverty everywhere. The mindset of people back then was that blackRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreHarper Lee and to Kill a Mockingbird931 Words   |  4 PagesHarper Lee and her Works Harper Lee knew first hand about the life in the south in the 1930s. She was born in Monroeville, Alabama in 1926 (Castleman 2). Harper Lee was described by one of her friends as Queen of the Tomboys (Castleman 3). Scout Finch, the main character of Lees Novel, To Kill a Mockinbird, was also a tomboy. Many aspects of To Kill a Mockingbird are autobiographical (Castleman 3). Harper Lees parents were Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. She was the youngestRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee963 Words   |  4 Pagesgrowing up, when older characters give advice to children or siblings.Growing up is used frequently in the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Harper Lee uses the theme growing up in To Kill a Mockingbird to change characters opinion, develop characters through their world, and utilizes prejudice to reveal growing up. One major cause growing up is used in To Kill a Mockingbird is to represent a change of opinion. One part growing up was shown in is through the trial in part two of the novelRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1052 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb County, Alabama in the late 30s early 40s , after the great depression when poverty and unemployment were widespread throughout the United States. Why is the preconception of racism, discrimination, and antagonism so highly related to some of the characters in this book? People often have a preconceived idea or are biased about one’s decision to live, dress, or talk. Throughout To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee examines the preconceptionRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as crops, houses, and land, and money was awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establ ishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of good and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch,Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1695 Words   |  7 PagesIn To Kill a Mockingbird Harper Lee presents as a ‘tired old town’ where the inhabitants have ‘nowhere to go’ it is set in the 1930s when prejudices and racism were at a peak. Lee uses Maycomb town to highlight prejudices, racism, poverty and social inequality. In chapter 2 Lee presents the town of Maycomb to be poverty stricken, emphasised through the characterisation of Walter Cunningham. When it is discovered he has no lunch on the first day of school, Scout tries to explain the situation to MissRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1876 Words   |  8 PagesThough Harper Lee only published two novels, her accomplishments are abundant. Throughout her career Lee claimed: the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Goodreads Choice Awards Best Fiction, and Quill Award for Audio Book. Lee was also inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This honor society is a huge accomplishment and is considered the highest recognition for artistic talent and accomplishment in the United States. Along with these accomplishments, her

Business Research Report Proposal Final Research Proposal

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Report Proposal for Final Research Proposal. Answer: Introduction: The business of the tourism is increased since last two decades. The numbers of people visiting to the tourist places from the different countries are increasing continuously. Due to availability of the good transportation facilities, people visit most of the tourist places of the world. Due to these reasons, the business of the tourism and related businesses such hotel industry and related small businesses are increasing rapidly. The tourists places near the coastal area are favourite places of the tourists. Most of the tourists prefer the costal places. Due to these reasons the study of the tourism business is very important. There are so many factors which affects the business of tourism. To check the relationship among the different factors associated with the tourism industry is very important for understanding the details of this industry. The Gold Coast in the Queensland, Australia is very well developed tourist destination of the various peoples among the world. Most of the p eople visit this destination due to the beautiful sunny locations and other beautiful places. The main business of this city is the tourism and there is huge revenue created due to lots of tourists visiting Gold Coast city of Australia. Business Research Topic For this business research study, we select the topic as the tourism in the Gold Coast of the Australia. We want to study the different factors related to the tourism in the Gold Coast in the Queensland Australia. We want to analyse the different issues regarding the tourism in the Gold Coast city. We want to study the number of visitors or tourists visiting the Gold Coast in the Australia. We also want to check whether the proportion of the male and female is same in the tourists who visit the Gold Coast. Also we want to analyse the claim whether there is any significance difference in the visitors as per the different age groups. We want to check from which country most of the tourists came for visiting Gold Coast city. Also, we want to analyse some data regarding the accommodation facilities in the Gold Coast of the Australia. We will study what will be average expenditure for the hotel and food for the tourists visiting Gold Coast. Also, we will analyse the data related to some o ther variables related to the tourism in the Gold Coast in the Queensland Australia. Literature Review The Gold Coast is called as the theme park capital of Australia. It has plenty of choices to appeal to all ages. It is the coastal city located in the South East Queensland. This is the second most populous city in the state. Due to the beautiful locations, this is the favourite place of the tourists. This is the most popular destination of the peoples due to its sunny subtropical climate, surfing beaches, canal and waterway systems, its high-rise dominated skyline, theme parks, nightlife, and rainforest. Due to beautiful places it is the favourite destination for the film producers. Tourism is the main industry for the Gold Coast. It produces total of $2.5 million in revenue per annum. This destination is the fifth most visited destination by the international tourists. The business of tourism is developed widely in the Gold Coast. Transportation facilities in the city are very good and all types of other infrastructure is available in the city. Research Questions For this research study, it is important to establish the research questions. By using this research questions we will check the different claims by using the statistical analysis. For this research study, the research questions are summarised as below: Is there any significant difference in the number of male and female tourists visiting the Gold Coast of Australia? Is there any significant difference in the number of the tourists with the different age groups? What is the average expenditure and average stay of the tourists in the Gold Coast of Australia? Which tourists place in the Gold Coast in the Australia most visited by the tourists? Is there any increment in the number of visitors in the Gold Coast of Australia? For checking these claims or research questions, we will use the proper research methodologies and techniques which are discussed in the next topic. Research Methodologies and Techniques For this research study, the first step is to collect the data by using the proper method of sampling. For the purpose of collection of data, we would use the simple random sampling for the selection of the tourists. The data should be collected by using the proper method. We want to collect the data for the different variables such as number of days the tourist stay in Gold Coast, total expenditure of the tourist in the Gold Coast, number of visitors in the Gold Coast, etc. For the purpose of collection of the data for the number of tourists visiting the Gold Coast we will use the government resource. We need to use the different resources for the purpose of collection of data. Also, we have to collect some information from the tourists. For this purpose, we need to prepare a well prepared questionnaire for collecting the information regarding the tourists. The questionnaire should be well prepared and it should be understandable to the tourists from different countries. There would be a language problem for the most of the tourists and therefore it is important to translate the questionnaire in the different languages so that tourists give the response in an easy manner. It should be kept in mind that there would be no bias for the tourists from the different parts of the globe. The collected sample should be representative of entire world. If the collected sample contains bias then we do not get the unbiased results for the research study. Also, it is important to maintain the proper sample size. If the sample size is too small, then there would be biased results and these results are not applicable or we can say that these estimates are not useful for further study or analysis regarding the tourism in the Gold Coast city of Australia. A Project Plan using a Gantt Chart A Gantt chart is the chart of the proper time management for the different activities included in the research study. For this research study we have to perform different activities for the purpose of data collection and data analysis. The general Gantt chart for this research project is given as below: Activity Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 Study of tourist business in Gold Coast Data collection - Interviews Data collection - Questionnaire Data collection - Telephonic Organization of data in tabular format Statistical data analysis Research outcomes Description of the Research Process First of all, we will decide the research hypothesis or research questions for the research study. After deciding the research hypothesis or aims for the research study, we will collect the data by using the different methods such as interviews, questionnaire, telephonic interviews, etc. After collection of the responses from the tourists we will organize the entire data in the well prepared tabular format. Then by using this data we will analyse the data by using the different statistical tools and methods. We will use the descriptive statistics, graphical analysis and inferential statistics for the purpose of analysis of data collected for the research study. We will use the different statistical tests for the purpose of testing the different claims under study. After the statistical analysis, we will find out the research outcomes or the results for the research study regarding the tourism in the Gold Coast city of Queensland Australia. Data Collection and Analysis Methods For this research study, we will collect the data by using the different methods. We will use the questionnaire for getting the responses from the tourists visiting the Gold Coast of Australia. Also, we will arrange the simple interviews or telephonic interviews for collection of the data from the tourists. Also, we will use the different resources for the purpose of collection of data for the number of visitors in the Gold Coast city. We will use the different authorised agencies for the data resources. After collection of the data we will use the different statistical methods and techniques. We will use the descriptive statistics for getting the general idea about the different variables included in the research study. Also, we will use the graphical analysis for the different variables for getting the information regarding the nature of the data for the variables related to the tourism in the Gold Coast city of Australia. For checking the different claims regarding the tourism in the Gold Coast we will use the inferential statistics or the testing of hypothesis. We will use the different statistical tests for checking the claims. For checking the significant difference between the different factors for the variables under study, we would use the one sample t test or the two sample t test. We will use the analysis of variance for checking the significant difference in the tourists with different age groups. Also, we will use the correlation and regression analysis for checking the relationship between the different variables and estimation of the population parameters regarding the tourists industry in the Gold coast city of Australia. Expected Research Outcomes After statistical analysis we will find out the research outcomes for the research study. For this research study, the expected outcomes for this study are summarised as below: We expect that there would be no any significant difference in the number of male and female tourists who visits the Gold Coast of the Australia. Also, we expect that there would be no any significant difference in the number of tourists with the different age groups who visited to the Gold Coast of Australia as it is favourite city for all age groups. Also, we will find the average expenditure for the tourists in the Gold Coast and also find the average number of days stay in the city. Also, we will find out which place is most visited by the tourists in the Gold Coast in the Australia. Also, we expect that the average number of customers who visited to the Gold Coast of Australia would be increased in the recent years. References: Schervish, Mark J. (1995). Theory of statistics (Corr. 2nd print. ed.). New York: Springer Moses, Lincoln E. (1986) Think and Explain with Statistics, Addison-Wesley Hays, William Lee, (1973) Statistics for the Social Sciences, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Rubin, Donald B.; Little, Roderick J. A., Statistical analysis with missing data, New York: Wiley 2002 Mosteller, F., Tukey, J. W. (1977). Data analysis and regression. Boston: Addison-Wesley. Mann, Prem S. (1995). Introductory Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley. Babbie, Earl R. (2009). The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Wadsworth.

Internet Marketing of HND Essay Example

Internet Marketing of HND Essay Higher National Diploma in Business (CUFF) Marketing Assessor Lund HO Unit title Internet I confirm that this is all my own work and has not been submitted for any previous sentimentalists signatures OutcomeCriteriaAssessors declinational Verification Understand marketing through the internet. 1. 1 explain the elements of internet marketing 1. 2 evaluate the internet marketing mix . 3 compare internet marketing tools e-tools . 4 examine interactive order preprocessing Be able to use the internet for promotion using digital marketing communications 2. 1 demonstrate the mechanics of search engine racketing. Write the copy for a suitable opt-in email marketing newsletters. 3 follow guidelines for best practice in online public relations. 4 demonstrate how businesses can use new digital media communities, egg file-sharing sites Professors additional feedback and comments Decision Merit grades awarded MI Modifications grades awarded Tangential verification of assignment brief (final agree d version)lb name Tattle confirm that this is all my own work and has not been submitted for any previous sentimentalists signature Grading Pass All criteria identified in the assignment are met. Merit (MI) Clear and proper descriptions about elements of internet marketing. (MM) During discussing the mechanics of search engine marketing, all aspects of search engine functions should be correctly considered. (MM) The report is submitted in a standard format, the structure is clear and reasonable, and the materials were well-organized. Distinction (ODL) Describe how effective their public relation processing policy between 360 and Q. (DO) With a strict and logical way to write the copy for a suitable opt-in email marketing newsletter. DB) The submitted conclusion about how Baud can use new chital media communities is written from new perspective beyond the text book. Scenario The embassies a quote from the last line of HYPERLINK http// en. Wisped. Org/wick/Gin_Quoi o Gin Kill Gin Isis classical poem Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival saying Having searched thousands of times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, She is there in the dimmest candlelight. The context of the p oem is that in ancient China, girls had to stay indoors, and the Lantern Festival was one of the few times they could go outside. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing of HND specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing of HND specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Marketing of HND specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In the chaotic sea of lantern lights, they loud sneak away to meet their lovers and exchange promises to meet again next year. A summary of the entire poem Flowers bursting into bloom in the sky, stars falling like rain (fireworks/meteor shower), Whole streets filled with perfume, Jeweled horses pulling ornate carriages, fish and dragon lanterns dancing throughout the entire night. A body decorated with golden thread and butterfly trinket, laughter that has a subtle fragrance. Having searched for this person until exhaustion, when suddenly turning back by chance, I find her standing lonely in the far end of the street in the waning light. Many people have asked about the meaning of our name. Baud was inspired by a poem written more than 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty. The poem compares the search for a retreating beauty amid chaotic glamour with the search for ones dream while confronted by lifes many obstacles. Hundreds and thousands of times, for her I searched in chaos, suddenly, I turned by chance, to where the lights were waning, and there she stood. Baud, whose literal meaning is hundreds of times, represents persistent search for the ideal. In 1994, Robin Lie Joined DID Information Services, a New Jersey division of DOD Jones and Company, where he helped develop software for the online edition of the Wall Street Journal. He also worked on developing better algorithms for search engines and remained at DID Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997. In 1996, while at DID, Lie developed the Rankled site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. He later used this technology for the Baud search engine. On July 31 , 2012, Baud announced they would team up with Sinai to provide mobile search results. On November 18, 012, Baud announced that they would be partnering with Qualms to offer free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. On August 2, 2013, Baud launched Personal Assistant app for businessperson, to help Coos, managers and the white-collars manage their business relationships. On August 14, 2013, Baud announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Baud (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a definitive merger agreement (the Agreement) to acquire a 100 percent equity interest in 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from Androgen Web-soft Inc. Baud offers several arrives to locate information, products and services using Chinese-language search terms, such as, search by Chinese phonetics, advanced search, snapshots, spell checker, stock quotes, news, knows, postwar, images, video and space information, and weather, train and flight schedules and other local information. The user-agent string of Baud search engine is Baudelaire. Also, a Baud application for Apples ISO is available. Baud focuses on generating revenues primarily from online marketing services. Bauds pay for placement (POP) platform enables its customers to reach seers who search for information related to their products or services. Customers use automated online tools to create text-based descriptions of their web pages and bid on keywords that trigger the display of their weapon information and link. Bauds POP platform features an automated online sign-up process that customers use to activate their accounts at any time. The POP platform is an online marketplace that introduces Internet search users to customers who bid for priority placement in the search results. Baud also uses third-party distributors to sell some of its online racketing services to end customers and offers discounts to these distributors in consideration of their services. Baud offers certain consultative services, such as keyword suggestions, account management and performance reporting. Baud suggests synonyms and associated phrases to use as keywords or text in search listings. These suggestions can improve colorimetric rates of the customers listing and increase the likelihood that a user will enter into a transaction with the customer. Baud also provides online daily reports of the number of clotheshorse, licked keywords and the total costs incurred, as well as statistical reports organized by geographic region. Bauds primary advertising product is called Baud Tugging and is similar to Google Towards and Diseased. It is a pay per click advertising platform that allows advertisers to have their ads shown in Baud search results pages and on other websites that are part of Baud Union. Baud sells its advertising products via a network of resellers. Bauds web administrative tools are all in Chinese, which makes it tough for non-Chinese speakers to use.