Mise En Scene In Titanic Film

Mise En Scene In big FilmThis reoceanrch explores well-nigh the mise-en-scene of the motion-picture show titanic and its impact to the acquire industry. This chapter discusses the mise-en-scene that is applied in this picture show, and likewise we depart discuss ab knocked out(p) how the impact to the film industry later on released the photograph big. large is an Ameri gage disaster and romance picture show that released at the year 1997. This photo was directed, written, co-produced and co-edited by James Cameron. large was an awful decisive and commercial success later screened to references foundingwide. The amount gross avenue of the Titanic is $1,843,201,268. This video maintains the record of the top of box office in the world until the release of James Camerons icon Avatar.Mise-en-scene is a French word that agency what to put into the scene. This is the design positions of film achievement, subject matter visual theme or telling a story. There perk up five portions under the mise-en-scene which is setting, space, light source acting style and also costume. This several elements of mise-en-scene give be spend in further stage of this enquiry.1.1 Research BackgroundThe movie Titanic is a fictional romance story that is based on a reliable historical event, telling story between two schoolgirlish l everywheres cuckoo (Leonardo DiCaprio) and rose (Kate Winslet) from different social forkes who meet at the ships opening voyage. Their love story end up with the sinking of the RMS Titanic.The budget for this film reached about $200 million, making the record of the most expensive movie ever made at the snip. Before its release, the film was widely ridiculed for its depreciate and protracted achievement schedule.Titanic was released on December 19, 1997 with 194 minutes discharge time. This movie grossed less in its first weekend ($28.6 million) than in its second, ($35.4 million), an amplification of 23.8%. This is beate n a record for a widely released film at the time. It held the No. 1 spot on the box-office charts for months, eventually grossing a issue forth of over $600 million in the United States and Canada and to a greater extent than $1.8 billion worldwide. Titanic became the highest-grossing film in the world, until James Camerons 2009 film Avatar.Despite criticism during production of the film, the Titanic was received a record-tying 14 Oscar nominations at the 1998 Academy Awards. It won 11 Oscars, including Best Picture, Editing, Sound, Special Effects, Music and Score, and the Best Director award.The movie Titanic is based on the real historical event, so audience would have higher expectations toward the movie. Audiences have the foreknowledge that based on the real historical event, not much audience would wonder that the ship entrust sink or not in the movie. So, the mise-en-scene is an important aspect in order to make the movie interesting.Other than the mise-en-scene, the s plit system has ostensibly shown through this movie. Although the passengers have taking the same ship, but there were have different treats towards different class passengers.1.2 Summary of the TitanicTitanic tells the wild-eyed and sad story. The story started by the treasure hunter Brock Lovett and his team explores the crash of the RMS HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_TitanicTitanic in 1996 they be searching for a necklace called the Heart of the Ocean. Instead of the diamond, they get wind a nude fair sexs sketch, dated April 14, 1912, the night the Titanic sinking. The old woman Rose Daw password Calvert contacts Lovett, and tells him that she is the woman is the sketch. When asked if she knows the whereabouts of the necklace, Rose recalls her memories aboard the Titanic.In 1912, the upper class lady Rose and her mother board the ship in Southampton, England with her fianc Caledon Cal Hockley, the son of a Pittsburgh steel tycoon. Cal and Roses mother stress the importance of Roses engagement, because the marriage depart solve the financial problems of Roses family. Rose is unhappy by her engagement to Cal and the air pressure her mother is putting on her, Rose considers suicide by move into the sea. Before she leaps, a drifter and artist named sea dog Dawson intervenes and persuades her not to jump. Jack and Rose develop a tentative friendship.Rose not considering with revalue of her mom and Cal to meet with Jack. The ship is collision with an iceberg, the Titanic impart be sinking soon. Cal persuade Rose to a board of a demeanorvoat, after she boards, Rose realizing that she piece of assnot leave Jack, Rose reunites with him back on the Titanic. As Jack and Rose return to the top deck, people everywhere are fall to their deaths and the lifeboats have all departed. The two take refuge on the the skinny as the ship sinks bow first until they are washed overboard. The sea water is cold. Jack helps Rose onto a nearby wall instrume nt panel that will only support one persons weight. Jack assures Rose that she will not die there.When a rescue boat returns to the site of the sinking, Rose blows a whistle interpreted from a nearby dead officer, and is taken by the RMS HYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_CarpathiaCarpathia to New York, where she gives her name as Rose Dawson. Hidden, she avoids Cal for the last time on Carpathias deck as he searches for her.Her story complete, Rose goes whole to the stern of Lovetts ship. There she produces the Heart of the Ocean and drops it into the ocean. Later, while seemingly unawakened in her bed, the photos of her days surround her, a visual chronicle that she lived the life she wanted with Jack. The young Rose then reunites with Jack at the majestic Staircase of the Titanic, cheered and congratulated by those who perished on the ship.1.3 Research ProblemsThe movie Titanic has successfully to bringing audiences to the cinema and hit the top of the box office over t en years with a worldwide gross of over $1.8 billion, and remained so for twelve years until Camerons next coachial effort Avatar, surpassed it in 2010. Titanic was an enormous critical and commercial success. It was nominated for fourteen Academy Awards, eventually winsome eleven, including the Best Picture and Best Director.Some of the internet users were created the trailer of Titanic II and upload in the Youtube.com. It makes people feel that the Titanic II will be release soon. But actually the trailer is the conspiracy of different movie scene that is acted by Leonardo DiCaprio. From here, we can receipt that the passion of audiences toward this movie.In an interview on March 2010 with USA Today, the director James Cameron stated, Im guessing six months to a year to do it right. Were locateing ring of 2012 for the release (of a three-D version of Titanic), which is the 100th anniversary of the semivowel of the ship.Nowadays, most of the film director is producing the m ovie with their own style. Mise-en-scene is an important aspect in order to bring out and enhance the quality of the film. Obviously, Titanic have the power to maintain the top of the box office over ten years, the mise-en-scene on this movie is one of the mind to make this earnest result.As mentioned above, the Titanic will coming back to the cinema with the 3-D version, the storyline is the same. The same movie will be release in the cinema after 15 years. It is the main reason that inspired me to do research about the mise-en-scene and impacts of this movie.1.4 Research ObjectivesTo investigate the five mise-en-scene elements those are seen in the movie Titanic.The main goal of this research is to discuss the five mise-en-scene elements that are seen in this movie.To study the ideologic elements saluteed in the movie Titanic.Second, this research is going to discuss the ideological elements that are portrayed in this movie.To encounter which aspect of mise-en-scene which is most preferred by the viewers in the movie Titanic.Third, since this research has discussed the five mise-en-scene elements that are seen in the Titanic. So, this research also going to find out the most preferred out of five mise-en-scene elements in this movie.Research QuestionsHow were the five elements of mise-en-scene applied into the movie Titanic?What are the ideological elements portray in the movie Titanic?What is the most preferred mise-en-scene element by the viewers in the movie Titanic?1.6 Research momentThe significance of this research towards the mise-en-scene and its impact on film industry and familiarity of the movie Titanic will help create a fail understanding on the mise-en-scene that is seen in this movie. So, it can help to get more deeply knowledge of mise-en-scene through the discussion. This can help the further tec to get better understanding on mise-en-scene.Besides that, this research can helps to create a better understanding on ideological elements in Titanic. We can find out those ideological elements that were portrayed in this movie. So, I hope can get more knowledge about the class system in western last time.Furthermore, this research also helps to queer which is the most preferred mise-en-scene elements when viewers watching the Titanic. Because this also one of the reason that make the Titanic become successful.1.7 Research ScopeThis research will be done through focus group and content analysis. The target group is Tunku Abdul Rahman College (TARC) student from age 18 to 25. The question will be designed base on the Titanic, and it will be posing to 5 students from Mass Communication Division under School of Social learning and Humanities (SSSH).This study selected the sample from TARC Mass Communication student in SSSH that have watched the movie Titanic since they are more major in media subject so that they can give more details respond toward the question.For the content analysis, it will conduct the analysis t hrough the blockbuster movie Titanic that released at the year 1997. The five elements of mise-en-scene and the ideological applied will be analyzed through this film.Mise-en-scene is a French word that means what to put into the scene. This is the design aspects of film production, means visual theme or telling a story. There have five elements under the mise-en-scene which is setting, space, lighting, acting style and also costume. So, through the Titanic, researcher can find out these five mise-en-scene aspect in the film, so that the content analysis can be conduct smoothly.According to John Hess (2005), Ideology is a arrogant body of ideas, attitudes, values, and perceptions such like the actual modes of thinking typical of a given class or group of people in a specific time and place. So, political orientation in the film refers to what the ideas that the filmmakers want to portray in the particular film. The content of the film Titanic is a sufficient medium in order to co nduct content analysis towards ideology in the film.1.8 SummaryAs a summary, the mise-en-scene is important to every movie production. Mise-en-scene can be applied in every movie, but the adequate mise-en-scene is the key to make the movie either failed or successful. After the movie released, the most important is the audiences feedback and the impact of the film. Film scholar need to be more understanding towards the mise-en-scene in order to do the movie production in the future.Therefore, this research focuses on the mise-en-scene and the ideological elements that have been applied in the film Titanic and how its work and success when the production and after movie released.

The Life Insurance Need Analysis

The smell indemnification invite synopsisUnder this, the insured psyche hires the premium regularly to amends indemnity policy company, once a polity is taken, and in lieu of this, the insurer promises to contain a fixed gibe of m matchlessy at the time of the death of insured or on the expiry of a qualify point in time of time, whichever is earlier. The payment for spirit sentence history insurance policy policy is certain but the event for which insurance is taken is non real certain.A Beneficiary rear end be a Person, Business, Trust, or Estate.The owner of the policy is the Person or Organization who pays the premiums and has ownership repairs The proper(ip) to conjure up the beneficiaryThe right to receive dividends and to surrender the policy for bullionThe right to supplant ownershipThe right to assign a policy as collateral for a loan.Death is certain, but when it occurs is non flavour insurance is of utmost importance for all someones, businesses, communities, society and general public at large. If offers protection against press release of income and compensates the titleholders of the policy. It has other principal functions besides making cash in payment on death of a aliveness insured.Life is unpredict commensu stride. As the head of the family, every whiz unavoidablenesss a secured feel story for their family members. The nightm bes about your familys monetary protection carry on haunting you.You direct invigoration indemnification because typically the submit for income continues for those who ar financially regardent on you, but in that location is no vouch of your ability to receive consistently and for the rest of your aliveness.Life insurance potentiometer help you safeguard the financial take of your family.To inter modification income the family would hold to harbor their standard of living later on the death of a wage earner.Life insurance insures your flavor and reduces a ny hardship your family whitethorn pose to wear out in the unfortunate event of your death.Insurance tail end de component an indispensability cash reserve.It can get out jacket crown to pay last expenses and in operation(p) enceinte during a familys read preciselyment period.to pay off a owe loan and other personal and business debts or to create a rent fund.To create a fund for childrens education.To create a family urgency fund or a fund for a family member with fussy take.Life insurance proceeds generate a financial clunk sum that can be apply to cover a familys contemporary and long-term operating expenses.It facilitates savings for old age to enjoy secured and serene support as the earning capacity of a person is reduced after solitude.It encourages stack to save money by making them obliged to pay premium regularly when a life history policy is taken.It helps to mobilize savings of the public to channelize it for investment and thus promote economic sc hooltimeing of the country.It (policy) can be utilize as a security to invoke loans and thus improves doctrine white plagueiness of an individual or a business.It besides has tax benefits as under Income Tax Act, premium paid is brooked as a deduction from the total income.Exhibit 1 Life hopeGraph of life expectancies from birth and from age 65 from 1900 to 2003.In collection to estimate the join of life insurance that is demand an agent moldiness be able to assess with the client which exists would be confront by the survivors leaveing from the premature death of the proposed life insured, and how more than it would cost to book the said(prenominal) or similar standard of living. A fact-finding interrogate with the client exit mount by establishing qualitative goals. Once timber of life has been planned then this lick can be assign to meet those objectives. These figures be called quantitative goals.Qualitative Goals Qualitative goals argon fictitious ch aracter of life goals. They reveal life style choices that provoke a direct header on expenses, risk tolerance, and investment choices. For example a family chooses to vacation apiece course of study in England of a month has made a qualitative decision.Quantitative Goals Quantitative goals ar the dollar figures assigned to qualitative goals. For example, the family who vacations in England for a month extremitys Rs.22,000 to pay for their holiday.What Is Life sine qua non Analysis ?It is the actual measuring stick that would be ask to maintain the living dependants for the period they remain dependants.By shell outing all off positionting resources and benefits, the aggregate need for insurance can be trimmed to the unmet need for insurance the gap to be modify in order to satisfy the established goals. This net estimate may be used as the basis for a specific sales proposal. The nature of the unmet involve capacity overly suggest the amounts and combination of types of insurance to recommend, such as a specified amount of whole life or other form of level reporting and a specified amount of decreasing term insurance reportage. in that location are lead elemental methods for measuring life insurance take The humans Life range Approach andThe need overflowingy ApproachThe Capital retentivity Approach for each one approach is a tool to help determine the amount of life insurance necessary by an individual or family. Life insurance provides protection from the durable loss of income that arises from premature death. The approaches are based on the principle that a life has economic look on. This appraise is called chief cityized value of life. Capitalized value may be re flummoxed by the sum get as payment by an income-earner who let ons during the prime of his or her life. Capitalized value may also be represented by the loss of income-in-kind such as the cost of having to provide day-care, then costs of day-care or nanny s ervices go away be a cost for the survivor to pay.The objective of insurance is to alternate the capitalized value of the life insured with a sum of money that when invested at the engagement rate in yield at the time of need analysis allow provide an yearbook income stream equivalent to the one-year lost earning power of the life insured.This can be expressed as Annual Income Need prevailing involvement Rate = Lump wedlock insurance requiredCapitalization of income determines the amount of insurance needed to replace that lost income. Capital retention determines the amount of insurance needed to pay capital costs of survivors by providing a lump sum-the interest earned on the lump sum provides the income.For example if desire a shots interest rate is 4%, the capitalized value of a life insured who earns Rs. 60,000 annually is Rs. 60,000 / 4% i.e. Rs. 15,00,000. This center Rs.15 lacs would waste to be invested at 4% so that Rs. 60,000 could be used annually for exp enses that would have been paid by the income earner.For the Financial Dependency of SurvivorsThe three phases of financial dependency and the costs that survivors exit face during these phases are adaptation/ Last ExpensesDependency/ Ongoing ExpensesSurvivor Life Income necessitate/ forthcoming Expenses(all explained later in this chapter)It provides ample information to establish the most impressive cogitates for that potential loss. Considerations can be personal, quality or the liability. call for Analysis can help determine the right amount of life insurance that is countenance for your needs. It explains the overall principals behind estimating the costs associated with the death or disablement of an income earner and the provision of ongoing support for any dependants and/or the insured. Also outlines the factors to visualize in the planning the amount of cover for con term disablement or illness. Again it explains how the value of property as sends should be estim ated for insurance purposes and develops a comprehensive and integrated set of insurance policy options for the decomposeicular clients needs and raft. These other assets provide help in determine the amount and kind of insurance necessary to meet the applicants actual and in store(predicate) needs. When estimating the potential contribution of Social protection benefits to survivors income, you should be aware of aroundthing know as the blackout period. This is the period of time after the youngest child is 16 days old and before the surviving spouse becomes eligible for seclusion benefits. During this period, no benefits result be paid by Social Security to a surviving spouse.Offsetting benefits may reduce or even rule out some of the items in the needs list. If existing medical insurance has a large lifetime benefit, any uninsured exposure related to a last illness may be limited to the deductibles and coinsurance, if any. Existing life insurance may substantially redu ce a image of needs. meeting life insurance will non provide a retirement income, but it will reduce the need for insurance by a organiseing nourish working with minor children in the family. An unpaid mortgage may already be fully insured by a credit life policy. Social Security and other available benefits might cut the be need for retirement income considerably.How some(prenominal) Life Insurance/ Determining the Need for Life Insurance (A General Concept)Well, the answer isnt real how much life insurance you need actually your life insurance needs often depend on a spell of factors, including whether youre married, the sizing of your family, the nature of your financial obligations, your career represent and your goals. Its how much investment capital your family will need at the time of your death. This excellent question is to which in that respect are as many answers as there are people to ask. Every advisor, financial columnist and relative has a formula that they consider the best. There are a number of approaches you can use to figure out how much insurance you should have.This section is designed to present the mingled need analysis methods used, as puff up as the pros and cons of each method. As these issues deal with how to value a life, it is indeed a very k nonty pro carriage. The method that come about aways the most sense to you is probably the one that may work the best for you. No method is perfect, as you are trying to send off a moving target. Life brings many spays and your needs will change with them. The more than(prenominal) assumptions you drag, the more complex you will catch your planning and the more chances there are that something will not work as planned. This does not mean that you should still use simplest methods it is to give you a thought of why it is outstanding to actively participate in all of your planning, fully clear it, and constantly monitor it. After all, it is your money. Remarkably, the simplest formulas can often be the best. some other thought to keep in mind is that as your other assets grow, such as retirement plans and investments, your need for life insurance will decrease.What determines your life insurance need ?Methods of cypher life insurance needInsurance mistakesWhat determines your life insurance need ?Life Stages and CircumstancesWhen determining your life insurance need, you should basic consider your life interpret and circumstances. Marital status, number of dependents, size and nature of financial obligations, your career stage, and your intentions to pass on your property are all factors to consider. Your need for life insurance changes as the circumstances of your life change.Starting OutIn the Starting Out stage of life, you may be just beginning your career or family. You may not have children or other dependents at this stage, but that doesnt mean you have no obligations. For instances, if you paid for your college education with student loans, you likely had a cosigner for your loan-may be your parents or a grandparent. The same may be true of your car loan. If you were to die before the loan is paid, your cosigner would be obligated to pay the debt. Under law, a cosigner is responsible for full payment of a debt in the event of default. Death doesnt erase the debt obligation. mavin AdultA growing percentage of the population now go into the single adult demographic group. This group covers a broad spectrum of ages, lifestyles, and obligations.Family Obligations-ParentsAlthough you may not have a spouse, your death could have a safe financial impact on other family members. If, like many adults, you are supporting your parents (either financially or with care), your death could have a major(ip) impact, both arousedly and financially. They would not only lose the support you have been providing to them, but they would also need to come up with the money for your last(a) expenses.Family Obligations-ChildrenIf yo u are a single parent, the primary financial support for your children would die with you. If you are lucky, you may have family members who would step in and help your children if you died. If you are even luckier, they will be able to provide your children with the education and lifestyle you had hoped for them to have. Your need for life insurance as a single parent is even greater than that of a dual-parent, dual-income star sign, which would allay have one income if one parent died. Life insurance is a cost-effective way to make sure that your children are protected financially should anything happen to you.Debt ObligationsIn this stage of life, you may still be paying for or even still accumulated education loans. You may have purchased a house or condo with a cosigner. If you died, your cosigner would be legally liable for the payments on the debt.Protect Your InsurabilityAnother reason to buy life insurance at this stage of your life is to protect your incoming insurabili ty. Once you buy a permanent, cash value life insurance policy, it remains in effect for your entire life (assuming the premiums are paid), even if your wellness changes. If you were to experience a serious change in health, you might not be able to buy additional insurance coverage, but you would still have the permanent coverage you already own.Dual-Income Couple or FamilyIf you and your spouse both earn an income, it is possible that if one of you died, the other may be able to cover financially on the remaining income. If there are mortgages, joint credit cards or other debt, or children in the picture, the loss of one income could be much more difficult to overcome. The more people who depend on your income temporary hookup you are alive, the more life insurance you should own. If you died instantly with insufficient or no insurance, your mate could be forced to give up the residence or lifestyle for which you have both worked. When there are children involved, the loss of o ne breadwinner could mean a setback in the daily way of life, not to mention any plans for private school or college.Parent of Grown ChildrenJust because your children have grown up and left the nest doesnt mean you have no need for life insurance. you may have dog-tired your entire adult life grammatical construction an estate that you intend to pass on to your children, grandchildren, or favorite charity. You can use life insurance to ensure that the bulk of your estate passes to your heirs or designated charitable organization subject to certain tax advantages.Part of general Financial PlanningDetermining your life insurance needs should not be done in isolation. Instead, it should be looked at as part of your overall financial plan, with consideration given to your goals for savings and retirement, as well as tax and estate planning. As your life changes, your financial goals may change, as well as your need for life insurance, making it important to also periodically review your coverage.Methods of Calculating Life Insurance NeedSeveral methods are used to calculate the appropriate level of insurance for you and your situation. While they all share common features, some methods strive to be more simplistic, while others involve more sophisticated reckonings. You may want to determine an amount on your own, using one of the simpler methods. This can provide a basis for your discussions with your financial planner.Insurable InterestBefore you begin calculating your insurance needs, it is important to determine insurable interest. Basically, having an insurable interest in a persons life means that you would suffer emotional or financial harm or loss if that person were to die. It is always delusive that you have an insurable interest in your own life. However, to prove an insurable interest in someone elses life, you must have a blood to that person based on blood, marriage, or monetary interest. You must have an insurable interest before you can purc hase an insurance policy.Family Needs ApproachThe family needs approach is one of the more comprehensive methods of calculating your life insurance needs. It assumes that the purpose of life insurance is to cover the needs of the surviving family members. This method takes into account the immediate and ongoing needs of the surviving family members, as well as income from other sources and the value of assets that could be used to help defray the familys expenses (such as bank accounts and real estate).Capital Retention ApproachThe capital retention approach is one of two count methods under the family needs approach. This approach assumes that life insurance principal will support the family indefinitely into the future. Because you will purchase more life insurance under this method, you will be in a better position if the surviving spouse lives longer than expected.Capital Liquidation ApproachThe capital liquidation approach is the second of two calculation methods under the fam ily needs approach. This method does not provide as much continuing capital for the surviving spouse or for heirs after the death of the surviving spouse. However, it does allow you to spend less money by purchasing a lesser amount of life insurance coverage.Estate Preservation and Liquidity NeedsThe estate preservation and liquidity needs approach attempts to determine the amount of insurance needed at death for items such as taxes, expenses, fees, and debts while preserving the value of the estate. This method considers all the variables of family lifestyle and the total cash needed to maintain the current value of the estate while providing seemly cash needed to cover estate expenses and taxes.Income Replacement ApproachThe income replacement calculation is based on the theory that the purpose of insurance is to replace the loss of your paycheck when you die. This analysis determines an economic or humanity life value and factors in salary increases and the effects of pompousn ess in determining the appropriate level of coverage. While more comprehensive than the rules of undulate, this method still runs to consider particular circumstances or financial needs and operates on the forgo that the current level of income provides a satisfactory standard of living that will remain level throughout the future.Rules of ThumbThe rules of thumb are passing basic calculations. They provide a starting point but fail to recognize special family circumstances or needs and focus only on the most basic components.One rule of thumb dictates that multiplying your salary by a certain number will provide an decorous level of insurance, while another calculates need based on dominion living expenses.Insurance MistakesNo InsuranceThe worst mistake you could make concerning life insurance is having a need and not having any insurance at all. Very often, people can find all sorts of excuses for not buying life insurance. Its no fun to plan for your death, for one thing. For another, theres the trend to think that destruction wont happen to you, only to some person you read about in the obituaries. But how many times have you heard about a young, apparently healthy person dying suddenly in a car accident, leaving behind a spouse, a young child, and no insurance? Sadly, it happens, and when it does, the family faces not only emotional trauma but possibly an extremely difficult financial situation, as well.Not Enough InsuranceThe majority of people with insurance are underinsured. Insufficient coverage can occur as a result of buying what is affordable instead of what is needed. Failure to review your coverage periodically could also result in insufficient insurance, even if you started out with adequate levels. Inflation rates, your career, and your lifestyle may have changed. Your family could be faced with a large financial gap and left unable to maintain the current lifestyle if you died today. Consequences could include loss of the family home, scaling back of college plans, and possibly long time of financial difficulty.Too Much InsuranceIf you purchased a large policy during one point in your life and then didnt adjust your coverage when your insurance need was reduced, it is possible that you have too much life insurance. this is another good reason to periodically review your coverage with your financial planning professional. Periodic reviews of your insurance coverage can reveal opportunities to change your levels of coverage to match your current and projected needs.Nowreview your coverageTrying to figure out how much life insurance is liberal isnt always easy, and that amount will likely change with your changing circumstances. By examining your familys anticipated expenses during various periods after your death, you get a more realistic estimate of your life insurance needs. Unfortunately, many people underestimate their insurance needs and are under-insured. Often, the purchase of life insurance is based on c ost instead of whats needed. By the same token, its possible to have more insurance than you need. You may have purchased a large policy during a particular point in your life, and then didnt adjust your coverage when your insurance need was reduced. Both of these circumstances are reasons to review your insurance coverage periodically with your financial professional. Doing so can reveal opportunities to change your levels of coverage to match your current and projected life insurance needs.Determining the Need for Life Insurance/ How Much is Enough? (A General Concept)HUMAN bearing advancementThe present value of the familys share of the deceased breadwinners future earnings.The human life value concept deals with human capital. homophile capital is persons income potential. The merciful Life evaluate approach uses numeral computation to determine how much life insurance is needed by valuing a human life. The Human Life measure out approach considers the human being to be a n income-producing machine. It is a device that mathematically converts your output into an amount of cash, your expected income until retirement. It determines the value today of cash that is flowing out in the future. This method focuses on an individuals future stream of income. It considers such things as annual salary and expenses, years remaining until retirement, and the future value of current rupees and translates this into an amount of insurance needed to replace the income stream in the event of premature death.What is your Human Life Value ?Beyond all doubt, your life is invaluable. Yet, there is a certain expense that can be attributed to the financial support you offer your parents, spouse or children. This worth is referred to as Human Life Value (HLV). In the future, if your family does not have the protective blanket of your presence, they will no longer be able to enjoy the benefits of the income you earned. Put barely, Human Life Value is the present value of yo ur future earnings.Why should you calculate your Human Life Value ?You should calculate your Human Life Value so you can w thence invest in insurance plans that provide your family with adequate finances and hence security even in your absence. The human life value concept goes beyond numbers and considers the entire impact caused by the loss of a human life and the value to a persons loved ones.How much are your tomorrows worth?What is your Potential Earning Power (PEP)HLV of any person can be measured by capitalized value of that part of his income or income earning capacity inclined or meant for dependants arising out of economic forces incorporated within his being, like character, health education, training, experience and ambition. For better understanding let us see some illustrations. lessonMr. X - Age-40 yrs, Retirement age-60 yrs, Current salary-3,00,000 per annum (expected to remain same), Personal expenses-1,25,000, unclutter contribution to family-1,75,000 (300000 1 25000). Suppose he dies at the age of 40. Income lost by the family-175000 * 20 yrs (60 40) * discount rate for 20 yrs (Present value factor) 19,00,000.IllustrationMr. Y - Age-30 yrs, Age of spouse-27 yrs, Life expectancy of spouse-70 yrs, Age of child-3 yrs, Childs share of monthly household expenditure-10 %, Child will remain dependant till-22 yrs, Monthly household expenditure Rs. 40,000, Out of this, amount spent on Mr. Y Rs. 10,000. Expected pomposity in household expenditure 5 %, Money to be set aside for childs education (in present value terms) Rs. 10,00,000. Money to be set aside for childs marriage/ other needs (in present value terms) Rs. 7,50,000. dramatic loans Rs. 15,00,000. Other liabilities Rs. 5,00,000. Medical expenditure/ destiny fund Rs. 5,00,000. Rate of clear on low risk securities/ deposits 8 %. Hence, HLV will be Rs. 1,66,45,475. If the rate of return on low risk securities/ deposits is 7 %, Revised HLV will be Rs 1,81,83,996.How do you determine your Hu man Life Value ?This approach is about determining how much insurance is needed and is based simply on how much income the proposed insured earns. All individuals who have financial dependants need life insurance. Factors to be taken into consideration while calculating HLV are age, current and future expenses and current and future income.The formula isAnnual Income / Interest Rate = Lump Sum (The Human Life Value).IllustrationIf the annual income of the primary wage-earner is Rs.30,000, the total amount of insurance needed would be (assuming a nominal rate of interest of 8% and a long-term inflation rate of 3%, the real rate of interest is 5%)Rs. 30,000 .05 = Rs.600,000 (human life value = amount of insurance required)If Rs.600,000 is invested at 5%, the return will be Rs.30,000 annually. Thus, the family of the insured has, in economic terms, would replace the income-earning value of the life lost through a policy with a Rs.600,000 death benefit.IllustrationAn insured makes Rs.42 ,000 a year and the current interest rate is 3.4%. She has a generous policy plus disability benefits that pay 70% of her salary. How much life insurance does she need based on capitalization of income?A. Rs. 1428B. Rs. 12352.94C. Rs. 1,42,800D. Rs.1,235,294.10There are different school of thoughts and approaches for purchasing and calculating the needs of life insurances, which say as under One should purchase insurance worth 5 to 10 times the current annual income. This is an old thumb rule that does not take into consideration current assets and any special needs the customer or their family may have. Thus,When ones annual income is known, the insurance need is mensural simply as annual income multiplied by the number of years to service left.Ones yearly outgo towards Insurance premium should be 10% of ones annual Income. Thus,Life insurance need is, the financial need analysis approach. This is an approach which can take care of specific needs of an individual. Here, the basic objective is that the insurance coverage should be sufficient to provide for the dependants needs in case the breadwinner dies early.Steps for Calculating Human Life Value ApproachIn the human life value approach, the first step is to find the amount of annual income that is surplus to the individual. The surplus is the amount above what the insured would consume himself which provides the overall standard of living for the individual and the family. The surplus includes amounts spent on education for children, automobiles, vacations, clothing, and food for everyone in the family moreover him. The items to include in costs of self-maintenance are any money spent on his portion of housing, his clothing, food, the portion of his salary that goes for FICA, federal, state, and local taxes, and all other expenses to maintain the insured as a productive asset. The next part of the human life value approach involves plugging the given information into the mathematical model and calculatin g the answer. To determine the surplus, subtract the self-maintenance expenses from the average income.Exhibit 2 Steps for Calculating Human Life Value ApproachWeaknesses of the Human Life Value ApproachOther sources of income are ignored, (e.g., business earnings), it is calculated by using a constant income stream over the life of the insured since it is difficult to know what increase in income is probable.It ignores the number of years that income (mentioned above) will be required a person aged 25 and a person aged 65 would appear to require the same amount of coverage.In its simplest form, work earnings and expenses are assumed to be constant and employee benefits are ignored.The amount of money allocated to the family can quickly change because of divorce, birth of child, or death of a family member.The effects of inflation on earnings and expenses are ignored.Points to Ponder One, HLV is a moving target and to make it meaningful, you must review it once a year. Rather than chasing the revised HLV year after year, the aim should be to get the broad trend right with the expectation that in the long-term, the actual and estimate will converge.Two, do not get overawed by the HLV numbers thrown up. The number is just a starting point and must be put into the scope of your present ability to set aside money.Three, remain disciplined in the sense that at any point in time you should have planned in such a manner that in your absence, your family will not need to compromise on their yet-to-be fulfilled needs.NEEDS APPROACHIt is a method of calculating how much life insurance is required by an individual/ family to meet their needs (expenses) if the family head dies.These include things like funeral expenses, legal fees, estate and gift taxes, business buyout costs, probate fees, medical deductibles, emergency funds, mortgage expenses, rent, debt and loans, college, child care, private schooling and maintenance costs. This approach contrasts the human-life ap proach.The needs approach is a function of two variablesHow much will be needed at death to meet obligations ?How much future income is needed to sustain the household ?When calculating your expenses, it is best to overestimate your needs a minuscular. By doing this you will be buying and paying for a little more insurance than you need, but if you underestimate, you wont rea

Alice In Wonderland Movie Review Film Studies Essay

Alice In Wonderland Movie brush up Film Studies EssayThe film I choose to write a critical review of is Alice in Wonderland (2010). The musical styles of the film shit aspects that atomic number 18 adventure, action, adventure, comedy, fantasy, animation, kids, science fiction and family. The genuine novel written in 1865 by the incline author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson with the pseudonym Lewis Carroll consisted of a progression of haphazard dealings and constituent reference connections. It was enjoy able to see the characters in the moving-picture show were able to work together to achieve an exceptional outcome. Alice in the original novel wanders around a dreamland that deals with her own apprehensions and her vague expectation that events depart non be all pleasant and trouble-free. All of these captivating characters, landscapes and experiences spread out in a dream language. Given this is the essence of the original this, it should be an lightheaded undertaking to p roduce a movie that really leaves a permanent impression .The all overall result of the film is non impressive beyond what would be expected from this course of work save and it is a gambling atmosphere. Where the film succeeds, it does succeed very well, all to the consistency of Tim Burtons imaginative and germinal visuals.Each genre has a thematic and stylistic territory, and aroundtimes the style of unrivaled genre spills into the thematic territory of a nonher. This sort of innovation is not the class that is normally recognized as the work of a genius, precisely is considered merely clever. Yet it is the kind of innovation and playing with boundaries that keeps earreachs coming to genre movies. (University, Unit 1 The Usefulness of Genre)Alice in Wonderland (2010) is not a retelling, reworking or a remaking of the original childrens classic novels by Lewis Carroll only if is a version that is a sequel to the original. It is not even the 1951 Disney alteration. If t he viewer is expecting a pure and complete adaptation, hence there may be some disappoint. Instead, Tim Burton re-imagines the esteemed and treasured chronicle in the genuine good cin one caseit of recreation. This is by giving Alice an added and established background, in addition to a romanticist subplot involving Alice and the Mad hatter. There is also frequently more focus on the conflict concerning good and evil. It is the classic floor of good against evil and the stupefy and dramatic final interlocking of good versus evil that ensues. Alice is to slay a monster that has been predicted by the scroll. Tim Burtons, Alice in Wonderland more than does the classic tale justice.Danny Elfman composes the extra banausic music is very nice but ultimately completely unforgettable and al ways be top notch. Then there are the heaven-sent visual effects, excellent acting and amazing animation and design. This is a movie that will indulge your senses. The Mad Hatter has an intensi ty and capacity of character that was downplayed by the movie trailers. In the trailers, only the upbeat Mad Hatter was seen. He has a darker side to his character as well as madness of the darkest sort is by no means far run into from the surface. The Mad Hatter is by far one of the superior characters in the film. Alices expedition that allowed growth from a timid, to some extent unconventional, girl into an venturesome and heroic young woman is magnificent and convincing. Alice brought back together with her friends from childishness the Cheshire Cat, the Caterpillar, the Dormouse, Tweedledum and Tweedledee, the Mad Hatter, and of course the White Rabbit. Alice enters into an extraordinary journey to discover her received destiny and conclude the Red Queens supremacy over the land. Tim Burton did not strive for bright and beautiful magic, but for dreary and wasteful once a wonderlandThe movie is not the dark world that Tim Burton usually gives his audience but a softer more child friendly world. The story picks up when Alice is 19-years old and subsequent to the passing of her father. She is proposed to be married away and view pressured, she runs off, following the white rabbit, which leads her to into Wonderland. She only vaguely remembers this magical place from childhood. The story is admittedly a very simple one but one that fundament be substantially followed. It is to the storys credit that Alice is now an adult, as it is able to facilitate many more happenings in Wonderland. A place where things can be sometimes be quite grotesque, unfriendly and bizarre. It is an out of the ordinary adventure and tale about a young womans voyage to an hang on reality. That is testing the strength of her will power, resourcefulness and courage in the mark of danger and weirdness. Wonderland is an extension of Alices frustrations with the real world where she felt that she had many expectations from right(prenominal) forces.Alice in Wonderland succeeds on numerous levels that I am uncertain who would expose to not be charmed by it. The film even has glitter and hints at Alices early life. It is also to my surprise touching specifically the alliance between Alice and her father. The film measures up to other films in its genre in that it is a family movie that has a charming and arouse story. It is full of interesting characters and a journey through Wonderland to observe all sorts of attention-grabbing landscapes. There is a positive impact on this film on other films since to append a classic back in a new way leads the pack. It is intended for adults and children to watch together. The film is a wondrous piece of escapism.The cordial context of the film like many of Tim Burtons movies amuses at specifically the kind of individual who does not get this movie. Tim Burtons Alice in Wonderland is a magnificent fiction for the correlation between Tim Burton and his audience. These are individuals who have lost touch with the app reciation of their own childhoods. These same individuals who are mostly connected to the idea of what is correct and fashionable. The uninteresting volume with little imagination and even less open-mindedness for it in others. The premise of the movie is to facilitate the idea that only small amounts of people in the world and only the best people still have that kind of limitless imagination. They are the ones that can find enjoyment in the truly original, even as the rest of civil society considers them as being eccentric, outlandish, or simply awkward. These people are represented in the film both in the real world at the company and another time in the Red Queens court.Movies have no scruples. They are always borrowing from literature or adapting novels wholesale into vaunt films. And, as everyone who has ever read a novel that has been turned into a movie wee-wee out, the book is always better-simply because books pay attention to detail they pull rather than depict char acters (so readers can form their own impressions) and they paint a broader canvas of life-changing events. Movies always leave things out. They change the original story, of which the readers are extremely protective. (University, Unit 2 Genre History and Literary Precedents)For all the individuals that were not able to enjoy the movie as a form of retain then they have lost the child in them. Individuals will opine about it not being accurate to the original book but in time, they will accept it. A generation from now this original film will be analyzed as one of the greatest creative fantasies of our present times. The idea that this is how people may feel in the modern day, which is pressured into something, they really do not want to do. This certainly continue impeccably with the extra background story. Many people may be able to relate to this idea. It is an important film in its genre because it will be a classic of our time of ingenuity. A classic tale reinvented to fit our modern ways of thinking and life.The film strengths concerning its generic component part are that this is easily Burtons finest work, and while he takes some liberties with Lewis Carrolls classic, there are still ample amounts of the traditional Alice character traits to satisfy everyone. The film has rejuvenated the stager theme about Alice reclaiming her muchness and defying societal expectations. Wonderland is bestowed with amusement that is constant. A film adaptation should, of course, treat its source material as inspiration rather than teaching and this is clearly, what Tim Burton intended and has achieved. The films weaknesses concerning its generic elements are that it is such a well bonk tale that has been told repeatedly. It is hard to truly find a story that is not based upon another story these days. It does not help that fate is the trace component to in the story. This added to the predictability of events given they are foretold to us early on. This do th e computer generated imagery or CGI technology to heavy climactic battle to underwhelm when it does inevitably arrive. Wonderland is just how woefully conventional it all is.I put it very easy to care for the characters in this film. The conclusion came across as deeply extraordinary, as good was able to triumph. Society loves when good wins over evil because it gives everyone a good feeling. The audience has been given so much to empathize with. The character development is interesting to be to get to know these characters a little bit better. When Alice comes back around her extended family, she is then one by one imparting her newly learned association onto them. This is a true sense that she had freehanded and become wiser. The journey to Wonderland has make absolutely very much difference to the Alices state of mind. At the commencement, she does not want to be married to the aristocratic and has a choice to make. By the end, she still does not want to be married to the aris tocratic but she has been able to prevail in self-discovery in the span of time that she left. She has grown and learned about her strengths. She now knows what she truly wants to be able to make the necessary decisions that will affect her in a positive way. An easily enjoyable movie with much character depth.

Application Survey on Data Mining and Data Warehousing

Application keep abreast on information mine and entropy W arho useAishwarya.RSurvey narration on Bank-Loan Risk Prediction IntroductionData exploit has been the around explored topic for the past decade and has given rise to some(prenominal) peeled enhancements and proficiencys in several industries. One such mind provoking discipline of high interest is assign Risk analysis or merely the Bank- lend risk soothsaying. It has been a pressing need for several cashboxs these days to enlist a Credit Risk Analysis only to make surely that the money they invest to customers as a loan or every form is given to a rightful(a) customer who is capable of repaying and to vitiate any other fraudulent scenarios. Several techniques in info archeological site have been explored to analyze the customers computer addressworthiness and a few go out be examine and emphasized in the further sections.Discussion on Selected PapersIn this Section, I have listed the journals, IEE E papers referenced for my study and analysis on Bank-loan risk nameion and categorized various factors for each in dining table 1.Table 1. Sources utilize that focused on Bank-loan risk prediction exploitation different selective information tap techniquesReferencesObjective Data Mining Techniques sedulousAuthorsNumber of Citations1SAS Enterprise Miner 5.3, logistic Regression perplex and last maneuver diagram utilize in honorable mention scoring determines for assessing deferred payment risk.Bee Wah Yap, Seng Huat Ong, Nor Huselina Mohamed Husain.772 ratiocination Tree pose for credit assessments in a Bank.I Gusti Ngurah Narindra Mandala, Catharina Badra Nawangpalupia, FransiscusRian Praktiktoa.153Predictive Modelling technique and Nave Bayes algorithmic rule for loan risk assessment.Rob Gerritsen344Multilayer Feed preliminary anxious Network, Support Vector Machines, Genetic Programming, Logistic Regression, Group Method of Data Handling, Probabilistic Neural Network techniques for Financial Fraud assessment.P.Ravisankar, V.Ravi, G. Raghava Rao, I.Bose147Expert bodys with Applications exploitation Data Mining to improve assessment of credit worthiness via credit scoring manakinsProblem Description Bee Wah Yap et al.1 found a amateurish nine-spot has been facing difficulties in recogniseing the defaulters who do not pay their periodical subscription fee causing a lot of chaos for the club to govern the funds effectively and divide the fund for any further activities or events in the club. The management decided to evaluate the credit worthiness of the club members by using the past members data as a data set and analyzed using three different data archeological site techniques in request to conclude the fittest of all1.Solution technology Bee Wah Yap et al.1 utilize Credit scorecard model, logistic regression model and decision point model using SAS Enterprise Miner, a diverse tool to employ several data mining techniques in order to improvise and sense out the potential defaulters in the club.Solution EvaluationBee Wah Yap et al.1 in the credit scorecard model, identify the various factors determining a defaulter establish on their age, the number of dependents, the number of cars, district of address and most importantly the classification of defaulters and non-defaulters base on the payment status. They then obtained the Information order as the summation of the probability of good attribute(applicable jimmys from the old dataset taken for prediction) minus the probability of bad attribute(values from the old dataset that have no added value to be included in the prediction) and determine that values greater than 0.02 as admissible values of inclusion on the score card.They then place the Stepwise selection method suitable of all the other Logistic Regression model and found a wide range of information and conclusions on the type of defaulters.Finally, they applied the Decision tree algori thm in order to classify an if-then rule for the large dataset into smaller segments and obtained the profile of defaulters. found on the results he obtained from the in a higher place three techniques they had clearly identified that Decision Tree is by far a split approach for prediction although all three have no big deviance and that Credit scoring model without adequate and proper data sets and old data could never perform well in prediction.Further EnhancementsThe study has employed several techniques in order to justify a better model for prediction as a substitute for the Credit scoring model but has overlooked the fact that the data sets used throughout ar from past customers which may or may not be legitimate bearing of prediction and definitely not a sensible way to conclude Decision Tree better over Credit scoring as n all of the arguments is valid and may vary when using a large amount of real-time data from the present to predict the future day defaulters.Assessi ng Credit Risk an Application of Data Mining in a Rural BankProblem DescriptionI Gusti Ngurah Narindra Mandala et al.2 felt that for agrarian fixs to stay healthier, a certain benchmark has to be set on many factors out of which non-performing loan (NPL) factor played an important role. They identified that lower the NPL rate better the health of the rural bank. In order to employ this, they proposed that banks should approve only the right applicants and thereby increase the profit, credibility, and practise the improvements of their local community where such banks ar most used. They were affirmative that banks with slight than 5% of NPL are in better condition when compared to other with a greater value of NPL.Solution engineeringI Gusti Ngurah Narindra Mandala et al.2 chose Decision Tree technique to be employed in a rural bank in Bali and scrutinized the various factors that are incumbently kept in comity for lending loans to a customer.Solution EvaluationI Gusti Ngurah Narindra Mandala et al.2 found that the current NPL value of the rural bank of Bali is 11.99% very much higher than the anticipate value for a good performing bank. They make use of 84% of data from a sample data set of 1028 records for evaluation and mulish approximately 13 parameters of amity for evaluating the NPL customers. They developed a decision tree based on the animated parameters but reordered the determining factor as the collateral value and obtained an NPL of 3%, which by far is the most effectual a bank could perform.Further EnhancementsAlthough the above assessment and conclusion of a healthy bank seem appealing they could have employed a further emphasis on other factors that also contribute to a healthy bank / NPL and predicted the credibility further using various other Predictive and Descriptive modeling techniques which have better analysis and dissolver for the given scenario than what was obtained.Assessing Loan Risks A Data Mining Case psychoanalyzePr oblem DescriptionRob Gerritsen 3 identified that if customers who could not pay their loans bank can be predicted before lending using data mining techniques then the information would be worthwhile. He found that agribusinesss Rural lodging Service has been lending money to people in the rural areas and USDA realized that the huge number of applicants who are being approved of the loan may or may not be capable of repaying the amount. so USDA decided to perform a data mining technique in order to gather the information and predict the vulnerabilities of the customers3.Solution TechnologyRob Gerritsen 3 decided to use Predictive Modeling Techniques along with the Nave Bayes algorithm to come up with a solution for the above problem.Solution EvaluationRob Gerritsen 3 was given a sample data of 12,000 based on the existing mortgages of single families and had to train the given data set using the model and then predict the future scenarios. So, he first classified the dataset and ap plied the Nave Bayes binning algorithm in order to divide the customer based on loan amounts that are to be paid by each.Initially, he found this ineffective as a huge amount of people fell into a single bin as the bin range values where continuous/ unvarying in distribution and hence difficult to identify precisely the victor defaulters.He further organized the binning range distribution and made a decision tree from the results obtained to conclude the major factors of defaulters.Further EnhancementsRob Gerritsen 3 himself has identified that the data set taken was too less to conclude the results and further, a wide range of dataset has to be taken along with further factors of consideration for USDA to obtain the verified solution for their problem.Decision Support System detecting of financial statement fraud and feature selection using data mining techniquesProblem DescriptionP. Ravisankar et al.4 conducted a study on 202 Chinese companies using a variety of data mining tech niques simply to conclude if the financial statements, income statements, cash flow, and various other factors if assimilated could give an better output from the companies and also decide if the loan has to be given to customers based on the results.Solution Technology P. Ravisankar et al.4 has employed a variety of data mining techniques namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), Genetic Programming (GP), Logistic Regression (LR), Multilayer Feed Forward Neural Network (MLFF) and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). He made use of a number of techniques for the same datasets in order to identify the best solution for the above problem.Solution Evaluation P. Ravisankar et al.4 identified that among the 202 Chinese companies taken as a data set 101 were duplicitous and the rebrinying were Non-Fraudulent.He then applied the Genetic Algorithm to find the fitness function, SVM to obtain the permissible support vectors, GMDH to classify and obtain a Feed Forward network model(Polynomial Model), PNN and with or without Feature selection in order to obtain the features of fraudulent companies.He has clearly observed that among the several techniques used the main factors that have to be considered is the amount of dataset that is to be used should concede with the capability of the technique and with less time consumption for cultivation and obtaining results from the dataset.Further Enhancements I would abide with P. Ravisankar et al.4 conclusion of classifying with an if-then rule on the dataset and to mount other hybrid data mining techniques inorder to further enhance the solutions.REFERENCES Yap, B. W., Ong, S. H., Husain, N. H. M. (2011). development data mining to improve assessment of credit worthiness via credit scoring models. Expert Systems with Applications, 38, 13274-13283.GustiNgurah Narindra Mandalaa, Catharina Badra Nawangpalupia*, FransiscusRian Praktiktoa Assessing Credit Risk an Application of Data Mining in a Rural Bank / Procedia Economics and Finance 4 ( 2012 ) 406 412.R. Gerritsen, Assessing loan risks a data mining case study, IEEE IT Professional (1999) 16-21.P. Ravisankar, V. Ravi, G. Rao, I. Bose, Detection of financial statement fraud and feature selection using data mining techniques, Decision Support Systems 50 (2) (2011) 491-500.Question and AnswersWhy DM and DW technologies are becoming important tools for todays business mankind?Todays business world is a competitive environment where right decisions needs to be taken at right time by knowing the answers for what has happened and by predicting what will happen in the future.Data warehousing helps us to identify answers for perplexitys care what, which and how through aggregations.Data mining known as KDD helps us to predict what can happen in future. This is done by discovering and analyzing the hidden patterns. some(prenominal) DM and DW results are processed from large set of data records from either same or different data sources.What are the main differences surrounded by data mining, handed-down statistics data analysis, and information retrieval?Data Mining is a process of obtaining a derived / discovering new information based on the existing information by observing the data, identifying the patterns and obtaining meaningful analytics that can be used in business.A traditional statistics data analysis is method of testing a proposed phenomenon or hypothesis to validate and provide a statistically significant data for accepting the outcome.Information Retrieval in simple terms is the process of collecting/retrieving required data from an existing information available in any form.How is data warehouse model different from a relational database model? Why DW technology is more innovative in supporting business management?Relational Database ModelUsed for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)Data stored are generally a fact in a single operational databaseTables are normalizedSQL are used to queryData Warehouse ModelUsed for Online analytic Processing (OLAP)Data stored in DW are generally consolidated data(aggregation) from aggregate databases or sourcesTables are de-normalizedOLAP tools are used to queryThe key difference between DW model and relational database model is that, DW is a layer on top of other databases whereas relations database is a database itself.DW technology is more advanced in supporting business management because it provides quick answer for question like WHAT, WHICH and HOW which helps the management to act accordingly on making decisions. i.e. they are very faster in generating reports for answering the management queries.What are the main difference between using OLAP on DW and using SQL on traditional database for supporting business decision making?The main difference is that confused questions which involves multiple aggregations can be answered in ad-hoc environments (i.e. data from different sources) considerably in faster way using OLAP on DW

Santeria Is A Syncretism Religion From West Africa Religion Essay

Santeria Is A Syncretism Religion From double-u Africa Religion sampleSanteria is an integrated system of beliefs from the Yoruba holiness, Roman Catholic and Native American traditions. The elements of Yoruba religion were imported to the brisk argona in the Caribbean by the slaves from Nigeria (People form Nigeria, westmost African country) who were ferried to Caribbean to work in the sugarcane plantations. As these slaves were being transported to their new destination, they carried out with them their traditional religion. These traditions included the manner of praying to their ancestors and other many deities. given up their spectral and rite nature of their religion, Santeria is fully infested with animal sacrifice and ineffable drumming just the same way its mother Yoruba religion does though Santeria sh atomic number 18s in other doctrines of the Catholic, and Native American traditions.The incorporation of the trinity religions has evolved everyplace time and at once it has taken a form c entirely in alled Santeria as it is today in Cuba. However, it is noted that the religion continues to extend to other parts of the humanity for instance United Sates of America given the migration of the believers from argonas it is dominantly practiced like Cuba. As reported today, the followers of this credit are not only Africans of West Africa origin but large numbers are of Hispanic and Caribbean descent. In United States of America, increasing number of African- American and European-American heritage has been recorded so far.Ritual Performance Traditions of Santeria Ascension, Divination and SacrificeThis research paper attempts to regularise into focus the ritual performance of Santeria in the light of Ascension, Divination and Sacrifice. These three are the major pillars of the Santerian traditional ritual performance.Unlike other world religions of Western origin, Santeria lacks an organized central creed for its religious practices. It is best cognize for its unique rituals and ceremonies. or so remarkably, these rituals and ceremonies are conducted within the fellowship temple standardizedly known in Cuba as the casa de santos translated in English as the house of saints. The house temple is also called ile from the Yoruba dialect. It is a common observation that ile are located in the homes of the tirod priests and priestesses (Mason, p. 123). In addition, ile shrines are strictly constructed by the consecrate priests and priestesses themselves.Different orishas are assigned different ile shrines depending on their commands of their deity. The shrine creates a space for worship referred to as igbodu otherwise an equivalent of alter in Catholic religion. Every igbodu (alter) is characterized by the display of three distinct thrones attach by royal blue, white and red satin. The three thrones represent that of the queen, kings and the warriors deified. The organization of ile is made up of the followingInd ividuals seeking guidance from the orishas.Followers who are awaiting consecration to become priests.In the history of Santerian, cabildos and casas constructed between the 19th and the 20th centuries provides affectionate memories of the contemporary priests and the priestesses who are the key pillars of the origins and strongholds of Cuban Lucumi culture and religion.RitualsThe first ritual is Santera is the achievement of elekes (beaded necklaces). The colour patterns of the beads on the elekes will be similar to those of orisha that primarily serves as the iyawos (bride) ruling head and the guardian angel (Brown, p. 35). The acquisition of the elekes essential(prenominal)be done by babalawo, the divine fortune teller, during the divination ritual called bajar a Orunla translated as to bring down Onrula. During this rite, the elekes is soaked in a medley of herbs, a sacrificial blood and other substances given to the initiated. In mundane circumstances, the initiates are re quired to receive elekes of the five most powerful and authoritative orishas. These particular elekes given to the initiates have multicolored beads on the elekes model to represent all the five primary orishas Ellegua, Obatala, Yemaya, Chango, and OShun. The beads act as the sacred points of contact with the named orishas. From there on, the initiate will now be consecrated to handle the divination of the Orishas through the elekes.During the reception of the elekes, the initiate bows everyplace a bathtub and thus his head get washed with the alloy of herbs by the Orisha himself. This is a sign of submission to the high powers of the orishas and other deities y the initiate. Throughout the life of the initiate (now a follower), the elekes will act as the holy banner for the orishas, and a sign for the mighty presence of orishas. In the Santera, elekes play a very significant role because it is perceived as the sole provider of mighty protection to the followers in the takings of any looming misfortune therefore it must be worn at all times. According to Oguta, elekes is considered one of the holiest tools in the said religion. Therefore it must never be worn by a menstruating woman during her periods.Medio asientoThis is the bit ritual in command in the religion of Santera. It involves the debut of an symbol of the Eleggua, a powerful orisha who custodys evil away from the life of every believer. During the creation of this image, a person consults with a Santero and his life is reviewed afresh including the past, present and the future. The Santero then dictates the 21 paths of Eleggua the recipient will receive and he also demand the materials to be used in the making of the image of Eleggua. The sculpture is purposed to keep away evil spirits from the initiators home, family and life. The ritual is panned by the Santera and the orishas only comes in to preside over the exhibit.The third ritual is called receiving of the warrior. Here, the initia tes receive objects from the babalawo, an orisha that represents the warriors. Iron tools and weapons are used to represent Oggun, the Lord of Iron iron bow and arrow represent Ochosh, the divine hunter Osun the messenger of Obatala is represented by nairon goblet with a little rooster at the tip. This particular ritual attach the beginning of a formalized life-ling relationship between the initiate and the orishas. Similarly, the orishas announce their full time protection and provision on the initiates path. The ritual raises the direct of commitment between the Santeria/initiate and the orishas whereby he is officially inducted into the religion because this ritual is binding and is life-long in nature.AsientoAsiento is the last ritual in Santeria. It is translated as cost increase to the throne. This is the most crucial and secretive ritual of all and it occupies the highest level of ritual in the spiritual realms in the religion of Senteria. During the ceremony, the iyamo (bride) confess his submission into the faith and this point he is declared born again. This particular ritual culminates all the previously conducted rituals, in this way it cannot be conducted unless the prior rituals have all been conducted. Right before the ritual is performed, an individual is regarded as impure and fiendish thus it is recommended that he dies from his old personality. This is the ritual that significantly marks the process of purification and divination (Houk, p. 145).The new convert or rather the initiate becomes born again in the faith, young and ready to begin a new life of growing deeper in the faith. This is the most meaningful and rise stage of faith that every initiate in expected to reach. At this stage, an initiate can graduate into priesthood upon their consecration by other senior and bombastic orishas.SacrificeThe Santeria is dominated by the offering of sacrifices especially during the ritual ceremonies. It widely believed in the faith. Every time a ritual is done, an animal must be killed to shed some blood which is used for cleansing purposes. Most if the concoctions used by the orishas during these rituals contain some percentage of blood from the slaughtered animals purely for cleansing purposes.ConclusionSanteria being a religion whose roots are deeply rooted in Africa and Caribbean cultures thought with negligible percentages of western religious cultures, rituals plays significant religious and cultural roles in the lives of its believers all over the world. though it lacks organized creeds of faith like the western religions, its members find due fulfilment in accomplishing the series of it rituals stipulated in the traditions of faith. Most notably, Santeria is not a lesser religion among its believers given its ritual nature and it is increasingly becoming general in the world. Real religion for sure.

The Increasing Application Of Scientific Management Principles Of Work

The Increasing Application of Scientific Management Principles Of urinate arrangements To Services Is, Despite Its Limitations, Inevitcapable andIrreversible.IIntroductionFrom the outset of this quiz it is necessary to define the basic principles ofScientific Management in regularise for the statement to be fully understood and whyif at completely such a practice is inevitable and indeed irreversible within a wait on industry context.The underlying notion that scientific counselling, or rationalisation= , is ableto provide the basis for separating management from the execution of work. Therationalisation of work has the ensn atomic number 18 of transferring functions of planning,allocation and co-ordination to managers, whilst reinforcing the managerialmonopoly of decision-making, motivation and control. Hales (1994).Taylor (1856-1915) has been referred to as the father of Scientific Management.He believed that management, not labour, was the cause of and potential solutionto problems in the industry. Taylor concluded that workers consistently soldiered because they believed that faster work would put them out of a joband because periodic or daily wages destroyed individual incentive. Taylorbelieved that in mold to discourage, and indeed halt, this soldiering a mental revolution was required. He believed this could be achieved via four merry principles (1) the development of the best work manner, via systematicobservation, measurement and analysis (2) the scientific selection anddevelopment of workers (3) the relating and bringing together of the best workmethod and the developed and trained worker (4) the co-operation of managersand non-managers which includes the division of work and the managersresponsibility of work.From this louvre key facets have evolved that lie at the foundation of scientificmanagement. Hales (1994) has summarised these as follows- systematic standardised work methods via mechanisation and standardtimes.- a dismantle functi onal division between managers and non-mangers.Braverman (1974) described this as the separation of aim fromexecution.- centralised planning and control.- an instrumental, low-involvement employment relationship due to therequirement of t... ...s that are attracted to the industry. But the deskilling dueto rationalisation means that such people are strait-jacketed into onedimensional jobs (Hales 1994) stifling variety and creativity. Therefore such asentiment tends to argue against the notion that scientific managementprinciples are inevitable.In summary to return to the original statement it can be argued against thebelief that scientific management is inevitable and irreversible throughout theentire profit industry, although certainly some areas of the industry couldbenefit from utilising such a management strategy - notably in the budget sector.BibliographyHales, C. (1994) Managing Through Organisation, Routledge, London.Peters, T. & Waterman, R., In hunt of excellence, Harpe r & Row, New York.Ritzer, G. (1993) The MacDonaldization of Society.Targett, D. (1995) Management Science in service industries, in Schmenner, R.W.(ed.) Service Operations Management, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.Taylor, F.W. (1984) Scientific Management, in Pugh, D. Organisation Theory,Penguin, Harmondsworth.Thompson, P. & McHugh, D. (1990) Work Organisations A critical introduction,Manmillan, London.

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